Migraine

Migraine
A migraine is a neurological disease that causes a throbbing headache, often on one side of the head. It is more than just a bad headache; it can cause debilitating pain and other symptoms that interfere with daily activities.
Symptoms
Migraine symptoms vary but can include:
  • Throbbing or pulsing head pain
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Sensitivity to light, sound, and odors
  • Changes in mood
  • Extreme tiredness
  • Difficulty concentrating
  • Visual disturbances, such as seeing spots or flashing lights (aura)
Phases of a Migraine
Migraines can occur in four phases, though not everyone experiences all phases:
  1. Prodrome: This phase can occur up to 24 hours before the headache and includes symptoms like mood changes, difficulty concentrating, fatigue, and nausea.
  2. Aura: Some people experience an aura before the headache, which involves visual, sensory, or motor disturbances. Examples include seeing flashing lights, tingling in the hands or face, or difficulty speaking.
  3. Headache: The headache phase can last from 4 to 72 hours and is characterized by throbbing pain, often on one side of the head. Other symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound may also occur.
  4. Postdrome: After the headache, many people experience a postdrome phase, which can last up to 48 hours. Symptoms include fatigue, difficulty concentrating, and mood changes.
Types of Migraines
There are different types of migraines:
  • Migraine with aura: Migraine preceded by sensory disturbances.
  • Migraine without aura: Migraine without sensory disturbances.
  • Chronic migraine: Headaches occur on at least 15 days per month for over three months.
  • Hemiplegic migraine: A rare type of migraine that causes temporary paralysis on one side of the body.
  • Retinal migraine: Causes temporary vision loss or changes in eyesight in one eye.
Causes and Triggers
The exact cause of migraines is not fully understood, but genetics and environmental factors play a role. Potential triggers include:
  • Stress
  • Hormonal changes
  • Changes in sleep patterns
  • Weather changes
  • Certain foods and drinks (e.g., aged cheese, alcohol, caffeine)
  • Bright lights, loud noises, or strong odors